Richard Hudnut Information

Richard Hudnut was born in 1855. He was an American businessman recognized as the first American to achieve international success in cosmetics manufacturing.

His company once maintained separate US and European headquarters on Fifth Avenue in New York City and on the Rue de la Paix in Paris.

Although his fortune had been built around cosmetics and beauty products, he preferred to be known as a "perfumer".

His father was a pharmacist with a store in New York City.  After graduating from Princeton University, Richard Hudnut toured France and returned with the idea of introducing French-style perfumes and cosmetics to American women. In 1880 he registered his name as a trademark in both France and the United States.

Hudnut began by transforming the family drugstore into an elegant showroom. The makeover was such that the shop now became a tourist attraction, and Hudnut's business flourished. His products became so widely known that he closed the retail store and focused on marketing his product lines through wholesale distributors.

One of the keys to Hudnut's success was that he sold his less expensive fragrances "on approval". After the consumer paid with postage stamps or a money order, Hudnut shipped the perfume. If the customer wasn't satisfied, Hudnut refunded his money.

Having made his fortune, Hudnut sold the business in 1916 and retired to France.

The Richard Hudnut Corporation was acquired in 1916 by William R. Warner & Company, which became Warner-Lambert in 1955. In 2000, Warner-Lambert was purchased by Pfizer Corporation, now the world's largest pharmaceutical corporation.

Early Richard Hudnut fragrances included Queen Anne Cologne (1880), Violet Sec (1896), Aimée (1902), DuBarry (1903), Vanity (1910), and Three Flowers (1915). Product lines include Violet Sec Toilet Water, DuBarry Beauty Products, Yankee Clover, Three Flowers, and a successful line of hair care products.

Hudnut's beauty products were sold in department stores, an indication of their appeal to a more affluent and sophisticated clientele. To maintain his image, Hudnut required dealers to sign a contract stating that not only would they not discount his products, they would not bundle his products with gifts of any kind (so as to, in effect, lower their purchase price.) Although this policy was outlawed in certain states, in states where it was enforceable, the company enforced it to the extent of the law. In 1922 however, the government charged Richard Hudnut Inc. with conspiracy to violate the Sherman Antitrust Act as a result of its price-control activities. Richard Hudnut, Inc. and Richard Hudnut Sales Co., a subsidiary, were again charged with unfair trade-practices in 1936, under the obinson-Patman Act.

A number of colorful incidents marked Richard Hudnut's life.

In 1894, he filed suit against the department store Carroll, Beadle & Mudge of Rochester, N.Y. for allegedly selling pirate Hudnut perfume as the real thing.

In 1901, the U.S. Customs Service sent an officer to his house to inquire about certain imports that Hudnut was receiving at a particularly low cost, as no duty was being paid. The officer was told that Hudnut was not at home.

In 1901, a patent solicitor named Oscar Michel was arrested on $5000 bail for passing a bogus cheque to Richard Hudnut. Hudnut had had the solicitor file a patent application for him but when he didn't receive it from the patent office, he demanded his money back from Michel.  The check was returned "N.G."

In 1902, Richard Hudnut was exonerated on smuggling charges alleged to have been conducted by a steamship steward. The steward was arrested for smuggling violet essence and musk into the U.St., some of which was traced to Hudnut's pharmacy. Hudnut was entirely cleared of any wrongdoing.

In March 1903, Richard Hudnut bought a suite of Louis Quinze chairs for $220 at an auction of actress Ada Rehan's personal property.

In 1905, returning from a vacation at his Adirondacks camp, Hudnut discovered that his New York apartment had been looted; even his grand piano was gone.

In 1909, Hudnut applied for a tax refund on alcohol which had been used in cosmetics which were to be exported. The Collector of Customs granted the request but demanded precise accounting of the quantities used in manufacturing, including any waste.

In 1915, Swift & Company sued Richard Hudnut for trademark infringement. Swift had registered the trademark "Vanity Fair" and challenged Hudnut's right to use the name "Vanity". The court ruled in favor of the plaintiff, in spite of the fact that Hudnut had registered his trademark earlier than Swift, on the grounds that Hudnut had used the name "Vanity", only once, and that use had not been public; it had been used on an invoice only.

In 1920, in another trade-mark dispute over the name "Nara" which Hudnut had registered and which was disputed by plaintiff Phillips who had registered the trade-mark "Nyra", Hudnut prevailed on appeal on the same legal principle that had found against him in Swift v. Hudnut.

In 1922,  Hudnut's stepdaughter, Natacha Rambova, married Rudolph Valentino who, as it turned out, had not completed his divorce from his first wife.

Richard Hudnut died in 1928, at the age of 73 in France, where he owned a château. He is buried in Woodlawn Cemetery, Bronx, NY.

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